Frank p



Oct. 25. 1927. 1,646,998

` F, P. vcelu., JR

PISTON Filed Feb. 18. l9k24 n f /7 z/ 5.5

I I f lumlll mum 1 i d nlllln INVENTOR ATTORNEY 4Patented Oct. 25, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,646,998 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK P. GILL, JR., OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE FERROMACHINE AND FOUNDRY CO., F CLEVELAND,OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

PISTON.

Application filed February 18, 1924. Serial No. 693,438.

My invention relates to piston structures such as are used in cylindersof engines, pumps, etc., particularly in internal conibustion engines.

The niain object of my invention is a piston which is light in weight,sufliciently strongforthe purpose intended, easily cast in the rough,easily machined, and more econoinical than present pistons. Otherobjects will appear during the description of the piston shown in theaccompanying drawing.

It is .well known in engine structures, par `ticularly in internalcombustion engines, that the weight of the piston has considerablebearing on the efiiciency of the engine. Light weight material has beentried for piston purposes but such material is more eX- pensive, wearsfaster, anda piston made of such material does not last long, therebylosing inoie in repairs and displacements than has been saved ineticiency even if the cost of the heavy and the light pistons were thesame; usually however pistons made of light weight material cost morethan pistons made of heavy weight material.

In order to retain the advantages found in pistons made of heavy weightmaterial and attain the additional etliciency due to a light weightpiston, or to further reduce the weight of the present heavy weightpistons and thereby gain further in efficiency, I have invented certainpiston structures and show one application of my invention in theaccompanying diawingwherein I attain my .obj ects and in which Fig. '1is a perspective View of a'piston for an internal combustion engineembodying the features of my invention; Fig. 2 is a section, taken on 'avertical plane indicated by the line 2 2 in Fig. 1, showing thelongitudinal relation of the piston-pin bosses and the ribsl and theother portions of the piston; Fig. 3 is a section, takenon a verticalplane indicated by the line 3-3 in Fig. l.

showing lthe longitudinal relation of the upper and the lower and theintermediate cylinder bearing portions and the piston-pin bosses-and theribs; Fig. l is a section, taken on a horizontal plane indicated by theline 4-l in -Fig.2, showing the transverse relation of the upper ribstructure to the piston-pin bosses and the other piston' portions;

and Fig. 5 is a section, taken on a horizontal plane indicated by theline"5-5 in Fig. 2, showing the transverse relation of the bosses andthe lower rib structure `to the other portions of the piston.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theviews. y The general features of the present inven tion are to cut awayor eliminate material where it can be dispensed with or where it servesno useful purpose and to adequately strengthen and stiiilen the materialwhich is needed in the struct-ure for* useful purposes. ln'pistons forinternal combustion engines for instance, it has formerly been thepractice to malte the outer circumferential wall solid all around but ithas been found necessary to relieve portions of the outer surface ofthis wall, around the piston-pin, to get better action out of thepiston. y This necessity of so relieving these portions requires acertain amount of time and labor and these relieved portions of thepiston really serve no useful purpose but add to the weightof thepiston.

The present invention eliminates these relieved portions entirely andstrengthens the remaining and useful portionstliereby saving time andlabor in machining the piston, saving material in the original castingfor the piston, providing a light Weight piston of sufficient strength,and increasing'the eiliciency of theengine in which the piston is used.1 i y Referring now particularly 'to the drawinv..

The piston shown in the drawing consists, principally, of the uppercylinder bearing portion A, the lower cylinder bearing portion B, theintermediate cylinder bearing lportion C, and the piston-pin supports D.

The portion A has the outer circumferenptial wall l() iitting to thewallof a cylinder and is provided with the ring grooves 11,

, and has the top wall 12 to closerthe top of the portion A. The rib 13is disposed on the under side of the wall 12 and extends across thiswall at right angles to the axis of the piston-pin openings 14.

The portion'B has the outer circumferenytial, wall 15 fitting to thewall of the engine cylinder and` is provided with the inwardly extendingcircular ribs 1G and 17.

The portions C extend longitudinally between and connect the portions Aand B, are disposed diametrically opposite each other and substantiallyat right angles to the axis of the piston-pin openings 14, and are coin-Gli \ viously described. V

yparatively narrow; ythereby providing the' openings E on eachside'thereof.

Each vof the portions C has the outer ciroumferential lwall 18 fittingto the wall of .,ferred, toy introduce the fillets 2O and 2l wherethe-portion C connect with the portions A and B. respectively, Thesupports D extend longitudinally bel tween and connect the portions A.and B, are @disposed in., the openings E, diametrically .opposite eachother,Y and intermediate the portions. C, preferably substantially atright vangles' to the portions C.. ,A e Each of the supports D has thepiston-piii y Y' boss 22 provided with the opening 14 toac-` lcommodateaL piston-pin ora bushing tliere-V A for. It vis observed that theoutside face 24;

. ,of eachof the bosses 22 is inside of the outer circumferentialsurface of the portionsA, B, and C, so that thefbosses 22 do not touchthe wall of the engine cylinder, therefore, only the portions A,`B, andC contact this ,wall and these` portions only need to be finished ormachined.

Each of thel bosses 22 is connected to the llportionl A by thecircumferential rib v25 .e i54 respective bosses.,

which extends v`from substantially midway of 'the top of the boss uptothefportion Agwthe ,upper portion 26of the rib 25 being inclined fasshown in Fig.V 2 to provide additional fstrength in the piston. ,Theribs-r25 are, pre'ft, .erably, provided with the fillets 27 for purposessimilar to the fillets and 21 The transverse ribs 28 are disposed on theof the bossesv 22 up to the portions 26, andv the outer ends thereof areflush with the AThe transverseribs 29 are disposed onthe vIjinside ofthe ribs and `on the inside ofL @the portion A and extend from the top.f

the bosses 22 up` to the inside of the wall 10l wheretheylare,vpreferably, provided with the `fillets 30 for purposes similarto the illets previously described. y d t Each of theibosses 2v2 isconnected to theA portion B bythe circumferential rib 3l I Itom of theboss down tothe portion B.V The tit)- `insideof the ribs 31 and extendfrom the I i bottom o-f the bosses 22 down to the por-l tion v n d d ylt is observed that the piston structure shown and described embodiesrigidity and minimum weight and minimum machine work vand minimummaterial in the original casting or inthe original blank when made ofpressed or otherwisely formed material.

I am aware that pistons have been made with portions of the outercircumferential surface thereof7 around the piston-pin, have beenrelieved; therefore, I do not claim such J feature broadly; am alsoaware that modifications niay be made from the 'structure i' shownand'described, within the scope of the appended claims; therefore,without liinitiking myself to the precise ystructureshown and described,claim: n

' 1. Anpiston including, an upper cylinder bearing,portionprovided withatop wall, a

lower cylinder bearing portionM provided with aninwardly extending`flange,-v two in termediate cylinderbearing Yportions opposite eachother and extending` longitudinally of tlie piston and connecting saidupper and saidv lowerjb'earing portions, two piston-pin bosses oppositeneach other and intermediate said "intermediatebearing portions andextendingV `longitudinally of the piston and Aconnecting said upper andsaid lower bearing portions, ribs yconnecting said bosses with Y saidupper and said lower bearing 'portions and with said wall;` and theouter surface of said bosses and'of saidfribs below the outercircumferential surface of said cylinder bearing portions.

2. A piston including, an upperc'ylinder bearing portion provided with atop wall, a lower 'cylinder bearing portion, two intermediate cylinderbearing poitionszoi'iposite each other and extending longitudinally ofthe piston and connecting said upper and fsaidlower bearing portions,two piston-pin bosses'4 opposite each other and intermediate A u grjsaidintermediate'bearing portions "and ex* outside o f the ribs 25, extendfrom the topl `tending longitudinally ofy the piston and connecting'saidupper and'said'lower bearing portions, circumferential 'ribs extending 1from substantially midway ofthe top of 4transverse ribs extending fromthe top of said bosses to'said upperbearing portion and to said top wallon the inside of said circumferential ribs, and ribs connectingr the l.bottom of said bosses to said lower bearing which extends from theouter endof the botf 1site each other and extending longitudinally ofthe piston and connectingsaid upper and said lower bearing portions, twopiston-pin bosses opposite each other-and intermediate lll) saidintermediate bearing portions and extending longitudinally of the pistonand connecting said upper and said lower bearing portions, ribsconnecting the top of each of said bosses to said upper hearing portionand to said top wall, circumferential ribs extending from the bottom andthe outside of said bosses to said lower hearing portion, and transverseribs extending from the bottom of said bosses to said lower hearingportion on the inside of said circumferential ribs.

4. A piston including, an upper cylinder bearing portion provided with atop wall, a lower cylinder hearing portion provided with an inwardlyextending `flange, two intermediate cylinder hearing portions Oppositeeach other and extending between and connecting said upper and saidlower bear ing portions, a longitudinal rib on the inside of each ofsaid intermediate hearing portions, two piston-pin bosses opposite eachother and intermediate Asaid intermediate bearing portions andintermediate said upper and said lower hearing portions, circumferentialribs extending from substantially midway of the top of said bosses tosaid upper hearing portion, transverse ribs extending from the top ofsaid bosses to said upper bearing portion on the outside of saidcircumferential ribs, transverse ribs extending from the top of saidbosses to said upper bearing portion and to Said top wall on the insideof said circumferential ribs, circun'iferential ribs extending from thehottom and the outside of said bosses to said lower bearing portion, andtransverse ribs extending from the bottom of said bosses to said lowerbearing portion on the inside of said second circumferential ribs.

5. A piston comprising a. head having an adjacent ringed portion, wristpin bearings, a skirt forming an extension of said ringed portion cutaway with the exception of narrow segments symmetrical with a planeperpendicular to the axis of said wrist pin bearings and an annularportion at the lower end of said segments, and reinforcing websconnecting said bearings with said annulus, ringed portion and head.

6. A piston comprising a head, a ringed portion adjacent thereto, askirt forming an extension of said ringed portion cut away with theexception of narrow segments sy1nmetrical with an axial plane and anannular portion at the lower end of said segments, wrist pin hearingslocated in the cut-away portion of said skirt, and webs connecting saidwrist pin bearings with said annulus, head and skirt.

7. A piston comprising a head, an adja* cent ringed portion, wrist pinbearings, angled webs which merge in conical shapes connecting saidringed portion and said hearings, and a skirt cut away opposite saidhearings and providing narrow segments symmetrical to a plane transverseto the axis of said bearings connected by an annular portion at theirlower ends.

FRANK. P. GILL, Jn.

